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1 result for CVE-2025-31161 · exact CVE match · NVD record, scored with CISA KEV and FIRST EPSS

CVE-2025-31161

CrushFTP — CrushFTP Authentication Bypass Vulnerability

CrushFTP · CWE-305 · in CISA KEV since 2025-04-07

ExigentKEV since 2025 · listed over a yearRansomwareCISA KEVActively Exploited
95

EVRS 95 of 100 Immediate

Out-of-Band / Urgent Remediation

Rank 5 of 2,956 tracked

Open CVE page Download PDF

Why it scores 95

Evidence available: 6 of 7 signals

Listed in the CISA KEV catalog, and associated with known ransomware campaigns.

  • CISA KEVApplied
  • RansomwareApplied
  • Vendor exploitationDid not apply
  • EPSSApplied
  • Microsoft Exploitability IndexNot applicable
  • Pre-patch disclosureNo data
  • KEV recencyDid not apply
  • CVSSApplied

The band answers “how soon”, not “how bad”. No data for: Pre-patch disclosure. Why some signals show no data

Fix

Patch or fixed version identified

CISA required action

Fixed in

crushftp: update to 10.8.4 or later | crushftp: update to 11.3.1 or later

Affected versions

  • crushftp>= 10.0.0 < 10.8.4>= 11.0.0 < 11.3.1

Remediation

Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

Fixed versions from NVD.

Evidence

Each value with its source
MeasureValueSource
CVSS base scoreHow severe the flaw is in itself. It does not say how likely an attack is. 9.8 NVD
FIRST EPSSFIRST's estimate of the chance this is exploited in the next 30 days, and how that ranks against all CVEs. 0.999 (99.98th pctl) FIRST EPSS
Actively exploitedWhether a source of record has confirmed attacks using it in the wild. Confirmed CISA KEV
Ransomware campaign useWhether CISA has seen ransomware operators use it. Known CISA KEV
CISA remediation deadlineThe date US federal agencies must have fixed or mitigated it. 2025-04-28 · KEV since 2025 · listed over a year CISA KEV
Public exploit moduleA module existing is not the same as active exploitation. None known Metasploit
EUVD cross-referenceENISA's record: CVSS 9.8 (v3.1), assigned by mitre. Listed ENISA EUVD

Description

NVD

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

What CISA says to do